Feather Function
Bruce Tuck | Swan Lake Bird Facts
November 2025
Double-crested cormorant (Nannopterum auritum)
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)
This will be our third and final look at bird feathers. We have seen how individual feathers are constructed and what different types there are. This month we will see how they function and the many different ways birds use their feathers.
Flight feathers are used for thrust and lift and are categorized as primary or secondary. They are anchored to the bone with ligaments which allow them to be positioned correctly. Primary feathers are located near the end of the wing, and the secondaries are located closer to the body. Tail feathers are also used in flight and aid in steering.
Peacock (Pavo cristatus)
Mute swan (Cygnus olor)
Male courtship displays often include brilliantly coloured feathers combined with elaborate movements and intricate songs, they are signs of good health and willingness to mate. Birds also puff up their feathers and use wing flapping as a form of aggression or protection of nesting areas.
Birds survive in cold climates by fluffing up their feathers which trap air and act as insulation. Waterproofing is also an important feather function. When birds preen, they align their feathers to help with waterproofing and aerodynamic function. Many excrete an oil that helps with cleaning and conditioning.
Barred owl (Strix varia)
Ring-necked duck (Aythya collaris)
Many birds use the colour of their feathers as camouflage. Owls are a great example of this. Blending into their surroundings is important for protection from predators as well as small songbirds that tend to swarm them once discovered. Most other species use some form of camouflage to blend into their environment making it difficult for predators and bird watchers to discover!
When you are visiting the Sanctuary have a closer look at the birds you see. Having an understanding of the various types of feathers and how they function makes it a more enjoyable experience. You never know, you might be standing directly under a well camouflaged owl!
Photo and Text Credit: Bruce Tuck | @BirdsInMyView
Submit your bird questions to visit@swanlake.bc.ca for a chance to have Bruce respond!
info@swanlake.bc.ca
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3873 Swan Lake Road,
Victoria, BC, V8X 3W1
swanlake.bc.ca
We acknowledge the lək ̓ʷəŋən-speaking (Songhees and Kosapsum) Peoples on whose territory the Nature Sanctuary stands, and the lək ̓ʷəŋən and W̱SÁNEĆ peoples whose historical relationships with the land continue to this day.
We respect the vital relationships of First Peoples with these lands and waters for countless generations. We are honoured to receive Indigenous guidance and welcome collaboration in stewardship and appreciation of the Nature Sanctuary.
